Advanced chemistry

This à la carte module enables students to expand their knowledge and acquire the necessary skills in organic and solution chemistry. In particular, in organic chemistry, the aim is to give students the prerequisites to understand and anticipate the reactivity of the main organic functions on the basis of their electronic and steric properties. Particular attention will be paid to reaction mechanisms and the reaction intermediates involved. In solution chemistry, methods for calculating the pH of an acid-base solution and for the determination of an acid-base species will be developed.
This module will be useful for students wishing to pursue a career in chemistry, particularly organic chemistry. It will be of interest to students wishing to follow the CBI and LAI specializations, and is compulsory for those wishing to follow the 2A TACCO and CHSAN modules if they have not done much chemistry in their undergraduate studies.
On completion of this module, students should be able to:
- identify the main chemical functions in organic chemistry, as well as their physico-chemical properties and the main reactions associated with them
- correctly represent an organic molecule, taking into account its stereochemistry
- determine the reactivity of an organic molecule in the presence of a reagent
- understand the reaction mechanisms involved, and describe them in accordance with writing conventions
- predict the structure of an organic molecule, taking into account the stereochemistry of the molecule. predict the structure of a reaction product as a function of the reagents and conditions employed
- modify the functional properties of an organic molecule
- predict the pH of an acid-base solution
- determine the amount of an acid-base species
- prepare a buffer solution

Descriptive organic chemistry course (PB5 BARCO)
Identify common functions in organic chemistry
Master the rules of nomenclature
Spatial representations of a molecule (Cram, Newman and Fisher)
Identification of inductive and mesomeric electronic effects
Distinction between conformations and configurations
Distinction between relative and absolute stereochemistry
Determination of the stereochemistry of a stereogenic center

Part I: Reactivity in organic chemistry

Alkanes

1.1. Physico-chemical properties
1.2. Alkane reactivity (radical halogenation, C-H activation)

Alkenes and alkynes

2.1. Physico-chemical properties
2.2. Reactivity associated with alkenes and alkynes (electrophilic addition, radical addition, [4+2] cycloadditions, 1,4 additions, reduction and oxidation)

Halogen derivatives

3.1. Generalities and properties of the carbon-halogen bond
3.2. Reactivity of organic halides (nucleophilic substitution and elimination reactions, SN-E competition, carbocation rearrangements)

Aromatic compounds

4.1. Definition of aromaticity and properties of aromatic compounds
4.2. Reactivity of aromatic compounds (electrophilic and aromatic nucleophilic substitution reactions)

Alcohols

5.1. General information on alcohols (acidity, nucleophilicity)
5.2. Reactivity of alcohols (nucleophilicity, transformation of the alcohol function: dehydration, halogenation, oxidation)

Carbonyl derivatives

6.1. General information on the carbonyl function
6.2. Reactivity of the carbonyl function
6.2.1. Nucleophilic addition reactions on the carbonyl function (reduction, organometallic addition, acetalization, esterification, imine formation, Wittig reaction)
6.2.2. Oxidation reactions of aldehydes and ketones
6.2.3. Keto-enolic equilibrium reactivity (aldolization, crotonization, a-functionalization, Mannich reaction)

Part II: Reactivity in organic chemistry

Definition of an acid-base species
Predominant range and strength of an acid-base speciesbasic species
pH calculation
Monoacids/strong monobases
Monoacids/weak monobases
Polyacids/polybases
Mixtures of acid-base species
Acid-base titration
Weak acid with strong base
Polyacid with strong base
Color indicator
Buffer