Functional Inorganic Materials

This à la carte module enables you to deepen your knowledge of inorganic materials.
The materials studied in this module are:

Semiconductors: properties and applications
Inorganic structural materials (metals, ceramics, glasses and composites): mechanical behavior and structure-properties relationship
Metal alloys: relationship between microstructure and mechanical properties

On completion of this module, students will be able to :

describe the properties of semiconductors,
describe semiconductor/semiconductor (PN junction) or metal/semiconductor junctions,
describe the operation of various semiconductor components (LED, photovoltaic cell, photodetector, laser diode),
list and interpret the various types of mechanical tests,
explain the physics behind each property,
explain to which type(s) of textural or structural element(s) a given property can be traced,
explain and model certain mechanisms in the genesis of microstructures,
use a phase diagram,
describe the link between microstructure and the mechanical properties of metal alloys.

This module is compulsory for the 3A SCE specialization and is of interest for the MPI4.0 and NMT specializations.

Semiconductor physics course PC7PHYSC


Continuum mechanics course: PC6MEMCO
Solid state thermodynamics course: PC6THSOL

Part I: Semiconductor components: 20 h 10 CM + 4 TD + 2h TP
Valérie Vigneras 5.32 h 3 CM, 1 TD (PN junction),
Laurence Vignau 14.63 h 7 CM, 3 TD (heterojunctions and components), TP (2h)

The PN junction: 3 CM, 1 TD


Equilibrium PN junction
Direct polarization
Reverse polarization


Heterojunctions: 3 CM, 1 TD

Output work and electronic affinity of semiconductors
Potential barriers
Metal/semiconductor contact: Presentation of different configurations depending on metal and semiconductor output work and doping type (n or p)


Light-emitting diodes: 2 CM, 1 TD

Inorganic LEDs
OLEDs


Photovoltaic cells and photodetectors: 2 CM, 1 TD
LASER diodes: 1 CM


Part II. Mechanical behavior, microstructures and properties of inorganic materials: 29.24 h 12 CM + 6.65h case study + 6.65h projects: Gérard Vignoles
I. Mechanical behavior of inorganic materials: 8 CM: Gérard Vignoles
This course introduces the fundamentals of the mechanical behavior of inorganic structural materials, provides an introduction to the vocabulary of mechanical behavior, presents the types of tests used and relates the properties of materials to the various elements of their structure. The materials covered are mainly metals, ceramics, glass and composites.
1. Introduction (1 CM)
General information: major classes of materials
Reminders of mechanics:
The various mechanical properties
Unpacking a tensile test
Various mechanical tests
2. From interatomic cohesion to mechanical and thermomechanical properties (1 CM)
3. Creep (1 CM)
Definitions, measurements
Mechanisms:
Diffusion
Dislocations
Brittle/ductile transition
4. Cracking, fracture, brittleness, toughness (2 CM)
Elements of fracture mechanics: tests, measured quantities
Classical theory of fracture: Griffiths' criterion
Statistical aspects of fracture
Mechanisms for increasing toughness
5. Fatigue (1 CM)
Tests and phenomenology: Wöhler curves, Miner's law, elementary mechanisms
Subcritical cracking: Paris-Erdogan law, elementary mechanisms
6. Composite materials (2 CM)
Introduction
Mixing laws
Mechanisms for increasing toughness
Notions of optimizing properties in relation to an application
II. Microstructures and properties: 18.6 h 4 CM: Gérard Vignoles
This course enables students to explore and understand the relationships between the processes, microstructure and properties of metal alloys used in structural applications (aeronautics, automotive, energy, construction, etc.). Fundamental aspects of physical metallurgy (thermodynamics, chemical diffusion, germination and growth, phase transformations) are taught and applied via active project-based learning.

Thermodynamic aspects of materials preparation (2 CM)

Phase diagrams

Kinetic aspects (1 CM)

Diffusion
Germination and crystal growth

Relationship microstructure - mechanical properties (1 CM)

III. Case studies : Glass/ceramics, metals, thin films, fibers, composites, ... 5 TD
Project: study of a particular class of materials. Scientific and technical bibliography: 5 TD

References

Physics of semiconductor devices, S.M.SZE, John WILEY and Sons Ed., N.Y. (1981)
Physique des Semi-conducteurs et des composants électroniques, H.MATHIEU, MASSON (1990)
Les composants Semi-conducteurs, B.BOITTIAUX, LAVOISIER-TEC et DOC (1991)
Dispositifs et circuits intégrés semi-conducteurs, A.VAPAILLE, R.CASTAGNE, DUNOD (1987)
Métallurgie, du minerai au matériau (J. Philibert, A. Vignes, Y. Bréchet, P. Combrade) 1998.
F. Ashby and D. R. H. Jones, "Sciences des Matériaux"
-P. Bailon, J. Masounave, J.-M. Dorlot, "Des Matériaux" (2nd ed.)
Kingery, H. K. Bowen, D. R. Uhlmann, "Introduction to Ceramics"
Gay, "Matériaux Composites