TP Instrumentation and Measurement

Rotating practical sessions lasting 6 x 3 hours. 5 compulsory themes (1 per session) and 1 optional theme are successively studied. For each theme, a report on the measurements is submitted by the student (group work). The optional theme gives students the opportunity to discover a subject of their choice from a selection, and to reflect on the design of experimental protocols. The aim of this practical work is twofold. Firstly, to enable students to acquire experimental skills complementary to those developed during electronics practical sessions, in support of the Measurements course (PH105). Secondly, through the choice of topics to be covered in the experiments, to illustrate certain courses and provide complementary knowledge not developed in lectures.
Topics:
1) Spectral analysis of periodic signals
2) Impedance measurement of passive components
3) Guided propagation of electromagnetic waves and antennas.
4) Optoelectronics. Fiber optic communications.
5) Signal analysis on digital oscilloscopes
6) Transient transmission line.

Experimental know-how acquired in preparatory classes and EN104 practical training module

* Theme 1: Spectral analysis of periodic signals - Skills: Spectral measurements with a superheterodyne analyzer (implementation, precautions, measurement accuracy, etc.), measurements using FFT analysis and measurements of true RMS values with a digital oscilloscope. - Skills: Application of signal mathematics course. RMS value of non-alternating sinusoidal signals. Rate of harmonic distortion... * Theme 2: Impedance measurement of passive components - Skills: Impedance measurement with an impedance meter, implementation, calibration problems... - Skills: Frequency behavior of passive components (resistor, capacitor, coil). Frequency range of use, models... * Theme 3: Guided propagation of electromagnetic waves. - Know-how: Characterization of propagation in a rectangular waveguide. Wavemeter (resonant cavity), SWR measurements, measurement of load impedance using the minimum displacement method and Smith chart. Characterization of a coaxial cable using time domain reflectometry. - Skills: Application of electromagnetism course. Application of the circuits course (Smith chart). * Theme 4: Optoelectronics - Skills: Characterization of optical fibers (losses, etc.), light-emitting and light-receiving components (emission spectrum, switching time, etc.) - Skills: Application of the electromagnetism and component physics course. 5. Topic 5: Digital oscilloscope. The aim of this tutorial is to study the use of digital oscilloscopes, and to demonstrate their benefits through a few specific applications (observation of very slow phenomena, fugitive signals, etc.). Mathematical post-processing of signals: RMS value, average, rise time, addition, product, FFT spectrum analysis... ). Limits and necessary precautions, including sampling conditions for correct observation of fast signals, are highlighted. Problems associated with probes and transient measurements are also addressed. - Know-how: ROLL, SINGLE, REFRESH mode acquisition. Sampling frequency. Interest of PRETRIG...Probe compensation. -Skills: Study of transients, switching diodes, probe effect, diode shaper and FFT 6 spectrum analysis. Theme 6: Transmission lineThe aim is to characterize a transmission line using various methods, in particular time-domain reflectometry. Analysis of transient regimes on various terminal loads.

Handout.