Hydrosciences

The aim is to acquire the theoretical foundations of hydrology, free-surface hydraulics and hydrogeology needed to study water resources in environmental engineering. It involves describing and analyzing the processes (precipitation, runoff, infiltration, evaporation) governing exchanges between the various water stocks in hydrosystems (atmosphere, surface, rivers, underground).
Surface processes form the central part of this module. Underground flows are dealt with in a descriptive way, with emphasis on exchanges with the surface. The main geological formations likely to constitute hydrogeological reservoirs are presented. The exploitation and protection of water resources that can be developed in these reservoirs is also covered.
These concepts are an essential prerequisite for the modules associated with water science in subsequent semesters.
Skills to be acquired:

Understand, describe and interpret the hydrological functioning of a watershed.
Quantify hydrological variables (precipitation, evapotranspiration, infiltration, surface runoff).
Understand the potential, limitations and fields of application of the different types of hydrological models.
Analyze the hydraulic behavior of rivers and streams (longitudinal profile, evolution of the water line, etc.) and estimate the impact of developments, approach to solid transport.
Master the tools needed for a descriptive approach to underground transfers (identification of exchange zones with the surface, piezometric mapping).

Basic mathematics (differential calculus) and physics (changes of state of water). Notions on the distribution of water in the universe and on earth, water cycle (general concepts and associated orders of magnitude).

Continental water cycle, water balanceWatershed: descriptive and physical approachHydrological processes: precipitation, evaporation, runoff, infiltrationElements of metrology: notions of meteorology and flow measurementDescriptive hydrogeology: geological formations and associated aquifers, piezometric mapping, pumping and steady stateSurface flows and impact of hydraulic developmentsHydrological modeling (SOCOSE, CRUPEDIX, MUSKINGUM)Examples of tutorials (may vary) :Classification and characterization of river flowsDecomposition of flows (unit hydrograph)Estimation of peak flow (SOCOSE, CRUPEDIX methods) and flood propagation (MUSKINGUM)Free-surface flow and solid transportQualitative characterization of flows within aquifers (hydrogeological mapping)Impact of steady-state operations

Hydrology