Tectonics and endogenous petrology

The aim of this module is to present the internal geodynamic processes controlling the Earth's relief, the major geological structures (continent/ocean, mountain ranges, sedimentary basins, etc.) and the main geological phenomena (volcanism, earthquakes, etc.). The mechanisms of subsidence and surrection, as well as the structural features characteristic of different types of sedimentary basin, are explained.
These internal processes contribute to the genesis of magmatic and metamorphic rocks, the characteristics of which will be described in detail in lectures and practical exercises. Some elements of their formation process will be briefly studied. These rocks are crystalline, and notions of crystallography and mineralogy are covered, as well as the method of observation using a polarizing optical microscope.
The lithosphere and the rocks that make it up undergo numerous deformations. This course covers analytical tectonics, which aims to understand the tectonic deformations that play a role in the nature and geometry of reservoirs.
Minimum skills required: The student must be able to understand the geodynamic context of a field of study, and in particular of a sedimentary basin. Students should also be able to recognize certain common minerals, describe magmatic and metamorphic rocks and use appropriate classifications.

High school geology basics

Global tectonics: the origin of major geological structures (15h)o Definition and characteristics of the lithosphereo Origin of the Earth's crust: the ocean-continent disctinctiono Vertical movements of the lithosphereo Major geological structures of divergence and convergence zoneso Conclusions
Elements of analytical tectonics (15h)o Basic concepts of rock mechanics: different types of deformation of a material under stress (elastic deformation, plastic deformation, brittle deformation, creep), experimental results and transpositions to deformation of lithospheric rocks.o Geometry and genesis of faults in rocks: elements of description of different types of faults, analysis of the development of fault systems at different scales, relations between faults and earthquakeso Geometry and genesis of folds in rocks: elements of description, details of the mode of deformation of folds, classifications of syn-sedimentary foldso Folded thrust sheets and mega-structures in orogenic zoneso Saliferous deformationo Fold/fault relations and microstructures

Structural geology and geodynamics